Cigarret..

Cigarette
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A lit cigarette will burn to ash from one end.
A cigarette is a product manufactured out of cured and finely cut tobacco leaves, which are rolled or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder (generally less than 120 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter). In recent years, the tax policies of governments has led to the practice of using not just the leaves, but the plant stem also.[1] The stem is first crushed and cut to resemble the leaf before being merged or blended into the cut leaf.[2] The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder for the purpose of inhalation of its smoke from the other (usually filtered) end, which is usually inserted in the mouth. They are sometimes smoked with a cigarette holder. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cannabis.
A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size (hence the name), use of processed leaf, and white paper wrapping; cigars are typically composed entirely of whole leaf tobacco. Cigarettes were largely unknown in the English-speaking world before the Crimean War, when British soldiers began emulating their Ottoman Turkish comrades, who resorted to rolling their tobacco with newsprint.[3]
Cigarette Smoking-Related Mortality
Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the United States. Each year, more than 400,000 Americans die from cigarette smoking. In fact, one in every five deaths in the United States is smoking related. Every year, smoking kills more than 276,000 men and 142,000 women.1
Between 1960 and 1990, deaths from lung cancer among women have increased by more than 400%—exceeding breast cancer deaths in the mid-1980s.2 The American Cancer Society estimated that in 1994, 64,300 women died from lung cancer and 44,300 died from breast cancer.3
Men who smoke increase their risk of death from lung cancer by more than 22 times and from bronchitis and emphysema by nearly 10 times. Women who smoke increase their risk of dying from lung cancer by nearly 12 times and the risk of dying from bronchitis and emphysema by more than 10 times. Smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease among middle-aged men and women.1
Every year in the United States, premature deaths from smoking rob more than five million years from the potential lifespan of those who have died.1
Annually, exposure to secondhand smoke (or environmental tobacco smoke) causes an estimated 3,000 deaths from lung cancer among American adults.4 Scientific studies also link secondhand smoke with heart disease.
Disease
Men
Women
Overall




Cancers



Lung
81,179
35,741
116,920
Lung from ETS
1,055
1,945
3,000
Other
21,659
9,743
31,402
Total
103,893
47,429
151,322




Cardiovascular Diseases


Hypertension
3,233
2,151
5,450
Heart Disease
88,644
45,591
134,235
Stroke
14,978
8,303
23,281
Other
11,682
5,172
16,854
Total
118,603
61,117
179,820




Respiratory Diseases


Pneumonia
11,292
7,881
19,173
Bronchitis/ Emphysema
9,234
5,541
14,865
Chronic Airway Obstruction
30,385
18,579
48,982
Other
787
668
1,455
Total
51,788
32,689
84,475




Diseases Among Infants
1,006
705
1,711
Burn Deaths
863
499
1,362
All Causes
276,153
142,537
418,690

References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost — United States, 1990. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1993;42(33):645-8.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality trends for selected smoking-related and breast cancer — United States, 1950-1990. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1993;42(44):857, 863-6.
3. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures — 1996. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society, 1996.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. Washington (DC): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/6-90/006F. December 1992.

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